java.lang.SecurityException: The jurisdiction policy files are not signed by a trusted signer

I was trying to Install OID (Oracle Identity Manager) and I got this error :

Problem:




        at oracle.as.install.engine.modules.configuration.standard.StandardConfigActionManager.start(StandardConfigActionManager.java:186)
        at oracle.as.install.engine.modules.configuration.boot.ConfigurationExtension.kickstart(ConfigurationExtension.java:81)
        at oracle.as.install.engine.modules.configuration.ConfigurationModule.run(ConfigurationModule.java:86)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Can not initialize cryptographic mechanism
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity.<clinit>(JceSecurity.java:88)
        ... 31 more
Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: The jurisdiction policy files are not signed by a trusted signer!
        at javax.crypto.JarVerifier.verifyPolicySigned(JarVerifier.java:328)
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity.loadPolicies(JceSecurity.java:317)
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity.setupJurisdictionPolicies(JceSecurity.java:262)
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity.access$000(JceSecurity.java:48)
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity$1.run(JceSecurity.java:80)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.crypto.JceSecurity.<clinit>(JceSecurity.java:77)



Cause:

My current version of java was 1.8.* which is not fully supported.
In this case JDK 1.8.0.1 is installed on all nodes in the cluster and JCE local policy version 6 was used for AES 256 kerberos encryption. JCE must be in sync with the JDK version.
      
[oracle@linux06 jdk1.8.0_111]$ cd ..
[oracle@linux06 java]$ ls
default  jdk1.8.0_111  latest
[oracle@linux06 java]$ cd default/
[oracle@linux06 default]$ ls
bin        javafx-src.zip  man          THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
COPYRIGHT  jre             README.html  THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
db         lib             release
include    LICENSE         src.zip


Solution:

Download :

For Java 6 use :
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-6-download-429243.html

For Java 7 use :
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html

For java 8 use :
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce8-download-2133166.html        

********************    ********************    ********************
Update java with with new java unlimted jusrisdiction :
********************    ********************    ********************

After download and unzip :

[oracle@linux06 JCE]$ unzip jce_policy-8.zip
Archive:  jce_policy-8.zip
   creating: UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/
  inflating: UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/local_policy.jar
  inflating: UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/README.txt
  inflating: UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/US_export_policy.jar
[oracle@linux06 JCE]$ ls -ll
total 16
-rw-rw-r--. 1 oracle oracle 8409 Dec 14 10:39 jce_policy-8.zip
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oracle 4096 Dec 20  2013 UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8
[oracle@linux06 JCE]$ pwd
/u01/app/SFTW/JCE
[oracle@linux06 JCE]$ ls
jce_policy-8.zip  UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8
[oracle@linux06 JCE]$ cd UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/
[oracle@linux06 UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8]$ ls
local_policy.jar  README.txt  US_export_policy.jar

********************    ********************    ********************
as root user backup and replace files (US_export_policy & local_policy.jar)
********************    ********************    ********************

[oracle@linux06 security]$ su root
Password:
[root@linux06 security]# ls
blacklist          java.policy    local_policy.jar
blacklisted.certs  java.security  trusted.libraries
cacerts            javaws.policy  US_export_policy.jar
[root@linux06 security]# cd /usr/java/default/jre/lib/security
[root@linux06 security]# mv US_export_policy.jar US_export_policy.jar_bak
[root@linux06 security]# mv local_policy.jar local_policy.jar_bak
[root@linux06 security]# ls -ll
total 164
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   4054 Sep 22 18:23 blacklist
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1273 Sep 22 18:23 blacklisted.certs
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112860 Sep 22 18:23 cacerts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2466 Sep 22 18:23 java.policy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  27358 Sep 22 18:23 java.security
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     98 Sep 22 18:23 javaws.policy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3405 Sep 22 18:35 local_policy.jar_bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      0 Sep 22 18:23 trusted.libraries
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2920 Sep 22 18:35 US_export_policy.jar_bak
[root@linux06 security]# pwd
/usr/java/default/jre/lib/security
[root@linux06 security]# cp /u01/app/SFTW/JCE/UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/US_export_policy.jar /usr/java/default/jre/lib/security
[root@linux06 security]# cp /u01/app/SFTW/JCE/UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK8/local_policy.jar /usr/java/default/jre/lib/security
[root@linux06 security]# ls -ll
total 172
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   4054 Sep 22 18:23 blacklist
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1273 Sep 22 18:23 blacklisted.certs
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112860 Sep 22 18:23 cacerts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2466 Sep 22 18:23 java.policy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  27358 Sep 22 18:23 java.security
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     98 Sep 22 18:23 javaws.policy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3035 Dec 14 10:47 local_policy.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3405 Sep 22 18:35 local_policy.jar_bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      0 Sep 22 18:23 trusted.libraries
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3023 Dec 14 10:46 US_export_policy.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2920 Sep 22 18:35 US_export_policy.jar_bak

bash: /bin/install/.oui: No such file or directory

 Problem:

[oracle@linux5 database]$ . runInstaller
bash: /bin/install/.oui: No such file or directory
[oracle@linux5 database]$ uname -a
Linux linux5 3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 7 17:01:44 PST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Solution:



[oracle@linux5 database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 20461 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4031 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-22_09-46-02AM. Please wait ...[oracle@linux5 database]$

uninstall java on linux

If you are not sure of what the dependent packages that might be blocking java then you can also use yum remove jdk*
This will also take care of dependent rpms.

[root@linux06 usr]# yum remove jdk1.8.0_111-1.8.0_111-fcs.i586

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jdk1.8.0_111.i586 2000:1.8.0_111-fcs will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: java for package: jna-3.2.4-2.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jna.x86_64 0:3.2.4-2.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================
 Package           Arch        Version                 Repository                                                Size
======================================================================================================================
Removing:
 jdk1.8.0_111      i586        2000:1.8.0_111-fcs      @/jdk-8u111-linux-i586                                   259 M
Removing for dependencies:
 jna               x86_64      3.2.4-2.el6             @anaconda-OracleLinuxServer-201311252058.x86_64/6.5      298 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Remove        2 Package(s)

Installed size: 259 M
Is this ok [y/N]: Y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Erasing    : jna-3.2.4-2.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/2
  Erasing    : 2000:jdk1.8.0_111-1.8.0_111-fcs.i586                                                               2/2
  Verifying  : 2000:jdk1.8.0_111-1.8.0_111-fcs.i586                                                               1/2
  Verifying  : jna-3.2.4-2.el6.x86_64                                                                             2/2

Removed:
  jdk1.8.0_111.i586 2000:1.8.0_111-fcs                                                                               

Dependency Removed:
  jna.x86_64 0:3.2.4-2.el6                                                                                           

Complete!

Is it safe to move/recreate alertlog while the database is up and running

 Is it safe to move/recreate alertlog while the database is up and running??


It is totally safe to "mv" or rename it while we are running. Since chopping part of it out would be lengthly process, there is a good chance we would write to it while you are editing it so I would not advise trying to "chop" part off -- just mv the whole thing and we'll start anew in another file.

If you want to keep the last N lines "online", after you mv the file, tail the last 100 lines to "alert_also.log" or something before you archive off the rest.


[oracle@Linux03 trace]$ ls -ll alert_*
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oracle    488012 Nov 14 10:23 alert_orcl.log

I will rename the existing alertlog file to something
 
[oracle@Linux03 trace]$ mv alert_orcl.log alert_orcl_Pre_14Nov2016.log

[oracle@Linux03 trace]$ ls -ll alert_*
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oracle 488012 Nov 14 15:42 alert_orcl_Pre_14Nov2016.log
[oracle@Linux03 trace]$ ls -ll alert_*

Now lets create some activity that will need to update the alertlog.

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Nov 14 16:23:02 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> /

lets see if the new alertlog file has been created.

[oracle@Linux03 trace]$ ls -ll alert_*
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oracle    249 Nov 14 16:23 alert_orcl.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oracle 488012 Nov 14 15:42 alert_orcl_Pre_14Nov2016.log

Directory permissions granted to a user in database

Querying directory permissions granted to a user

SELECT grantee, table_name directory_name, LISTAGG(privilege, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY grantee)
  FROM dba_tab_privs
 WHERE table_name ='DPUMP' group by GRANTEE,TABLE_NAME;



SAMPLE output:

GRANTEE              DIRECTORY_NAME                 GRANTS            
-------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------
SCOTT                  DPUMP                       READ,WRITE         
TIGER                   DPUMP                       READ,WRITE         
TOM                      DPUMP                       READ,WRITE         
CAM                      DPUMP                       READ,WRITE         
SAM                      DPUMP                       READ,WRITE

Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener using ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr

Usage : we can use dbshut script file in $ORACLE_HOME/bin to shutdown  database & listener.

 [oracle@Linux03 bin]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
oracle   20693     1  0 10:57 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle   21133 19211  0 11:01 pts/0    00:00:00 grep pmon

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ dbshut
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/shutdown.log

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
oracle   21287 19211  0 11:09 pts/0    00:00:00 grep pmon
[oracle@Linux03 bin]$





Error : Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener using ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ dbshut

Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener using ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr


 Solution (same as above): edit dbshut script and change

From : ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1

 To  :  ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME 

Note : 
One pre-req for this script to run is set 'Y' in /etc/oratab. This basically tell the script to start all database instance running of this home. while 'N' tells not to start db using dbshut script.

[oracle@Linux03 Desktop]$ grep 'orcl' /etc/oratab
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1:Y

dbstart: line 275: ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: command not found

Usage : we can use dbstart script file in $ORACLE_HOME/bin to start database & listener.

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
oracle   20588 19211  0 10:56 pts/0    00:00:00 grep pmon

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ dbstart
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/startup.log

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
oracle   20693     1  0 10:57 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle   21035 19211  0 10:57 pts/0    00:00:00 grep pmon

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ 



Common error with dbstart script :


Error : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/dbstart: line 275: ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: command not found

[oracle@Linux03 bin]$ dbstart

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/dbstart: line 275: ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: command not found


Solution : Edit dbstart script and change (~ line 275)

 From : ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1

 To   : ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

Note : 
One pre-req for this script to run is set 'Y' in /etc/oratab. This basically tell the script to start all database instance running of this home. while 'N' tells not to start db using dbshut script.

[oracle@Linux03 Desktop]$ grep 'orcl' /etc/oratab
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1:Y

expdp content=data_only

[oracle@oracle1 dpump]$ expdp atest/password directory=dpump dumpfile=test_tab1.dmp content=data_only tables=test_tab1 logfile=test_tab1.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 11 10:58:23 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "ATEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  atest/******** directory=dpump dumpfile=test_tab1.dmp content=data_only tables=test_tab1 logfile=test_tab1.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
. . exported "ATEST"."TEST_TAB1"                         5.937 KB      11 rows
Master table "ATEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for ATEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /u01/app/oracle/dpump/test_tab1.dmp
Job "ATEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 10:58:26

[oracle@oracle1 dpump]$ clear
[oracle@oracle1 dpump]$ impdp atest2/password directory=dpump dumpfile=test_tab1.dmp content=data_only logfile=test_tab1_imp.log TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=truncate remap_schema=atest:atest2

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 11 10:58:50 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "ATEST2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "ATEST2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  atest2/******** directory=dpump dumpfile=test_tab1.dmp content=data_only logfile=test_tab1_imp.log TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=truncate remap_schema=atest:atest2
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "ATEST2"."TEST_TAB1"                        5.937 KB      11 rows
Job "ATEST2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 10:58:52

ORA-14074: partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition

I have a table AUDIT_LOGONS, it has 5 partitions in it and one partition is defined as MAXVALUE. All partitions has some data (see below screen) in it except the MAXVALUE partition. Now I want to add a new partition which has date values less than 2016-05-31

 But I am getting error ORA-14074

sql :

alter table AUDIT_LOGONS add partition AUDIT_LOGONS_P1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(' 2016-05-31 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));

and I get this error :

SQL Error: ORA-14074: partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition
14074. 00000 -  "partition bound must collate higher than that of the last partition"
*Cause:    Partition bound specified in ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION

Solution 1:

We can add a sub-partition to the partition that was set with MAXVALUE (AUDIT_LOGONS5 in this case). In below sql we are modifying the partition audit_logons5 adding a sub-parition audit_logons6 which will have all the data which has date below "2016-09-30"


ALTER TABLE MONTHLY_SALES MODIFY PARTITION AUDIT_LOGONS5 ADD SUB-PARTITION AUDIT_LOGONS6  VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2016-09-30 00:00:00','SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS','NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'));

Note : the partition can be renamed anytime

Solution 2 (This will not work for all):

One solution is to drop that Maxvalue (AUDIT_LOGONS5 in this case) partition if there is no data in it and then we can recreate another partitions with defined dates like below.

ALTER TABLE monthly_sales DROP PARTITION AUDIT_LOGONS5;

ALTER TABLE monthly_sales ADD PARTITION AUDIT_LOGONS5 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2016-09-30 00:00:00','SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS','NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'));

Real Time Log Apply on Standby Database

 

              Configure Real Time Log Apply on Standby

By default, log apply services wait for the full archived redo log file to arrive on the standby database before applying it to the standby database. If the real-time apply feature is enabled, log apply services can apply redo data as it is received from the Primary DB, without waiting for the current standby redo log file to be archived. We can use the ALTER DATABASE statement to enable the real-time apply feature, as below:

• For physical standby databases, issue the ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE statement.

• For logical standby databases, issue the ALTER DATABASE START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY IMMEDIATE statement.

NOTE : Standby redo log files are required to use real-time apply.


Lets Test it:

oracle@ORCLSTDBY:[~] $ sqlplus /"as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Oct 4 10:57:52 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.

SQL> select dest_name,status,type,srl,recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=1;

DEST_NAME            STATUS     TYPE       SRL RECOVERY_MODE
-------------------- ---------- ---------- --- ------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   VALID      LOCAL      NO  IDLE

-- Dest_id can be different in your database. but mostly it will be set to local.
-- Lets start applying logs and start the recovery mode Default (apply on log fill up)

SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.

-- Query the Recovery Mode now:

SQL> col DEST_NAME format A20
col status format A10
col type format A10
col recovery_mode format A30

select dest_name,status,type,srl,recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=1;

DEST_NAME            STATUS     TYPE       SRL RECOVERY_MODE
-------------------- ---------- ---------- --- ------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   VALID      LOCAL      NO  MANAGED

-- See that Recovery Mode will be just Managed. 

-- Lets stop log Apply and change it the recovery mode to Real-Time Apply

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select dest_name,status,type,srl,recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=1;

DEST_NAME                       STATUS      TYPE       SRL        RECOVERY_MODE
--------------------                   ----------       ----------     ---          ------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   VALID      LOCAL   NO  MANAGED REAL TIME APPLY


-- We can also check this in alertlog_File.log


Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  managed standby database cancel
Tue Oct 04 11:00:47 2016
.
.
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (ORCLSTDBY)
Tue Oct 04 11:00:47 2016
MRP0 started with pid=58, OS id=40557
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (ORCLSTDBY)
 started logmerger process
Tue Oct 04 11:00:52 2016
Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 64 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...


Reference Oracle Docs:

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14239/log_apply.htm#i1034632


 Similar Posts :

• How to add second standby database 
• How to create Standby database using RMAN
• Open Standby Database in Read-Only  
• Find Archive Gap between Primary and Standby Database

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION

Note : Killing sessions can be very destructive if you kill the wrong session, so be very careful when identifying the session to be killed.

 

There could be a number of reasons to kill non-essential Oracle user processes. In Oracle the alter system kill session command allows us to kill these Oracle sessions. 

The alter system kill session command requires two unique arguments that uniquely identify the Oracle session, the session identifier and serial number.

First you have to identify the session to be killed with alter system kill session.

select SID,SERIAL#,STATUS,SCHEMANAME,PROGRAM from v$session;


The SID and SERIAL# values of the Oracle session to be killed can then be substituted and the alter system kill session command issued.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'sid,serial#';


Sometimes Oracle is not able to kill the session immediately with the alter system kill session  command alone. Upon issuing the alter system kill session  command, the session will be 'marked for kill'. It will then be killed as soon as possible.


In the case of a session being 'marked for kill' after issuing the alter system kill session  command and not killed immediately, the alter system kill session  command can be forced by adding the immediate keyword:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'sid,serial#' IMMEDIATE; 

In a RAC environment, you optionally specify the INST_ID, shown when querying the GV$SESSION view. This allows you to kill a session on different RAC node.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'sid,serial#,@inst_id';

References :

• Automate kill SNIPED sessions
•  maximum number of processes exceeded

Automate Kill SNIPED SESSION

If you have configured IDLE_TIME inr your user profile.

IDLE_TIME 

Specify the permitted periods of continuous inactive time during a session, expressed in minutes. Long-running queries and other operations are not subject to this limit

Lets say a session has been idle for 10 Minutes. Session will continue to show as idle even after the idle_time for that user,as specified in that user's profile, has expired. When the user attempts to run a transaction against the database after the idle_time has expired, the database will disconnect the user by terminating the session. After this, the
session will no longer show in v$session. So, even if the session appears to be idle for a duration slightly more then your 10 minutes -- it is already "dead", it just doesn't show as dead yet. PMON will eventually snipe the session, marking it dead in v$session.

Reference this oracle Document for more information.

Once the oracle session is changed to SNIPED status, we can kill that session without any problem. How ever this be done manually, but watching for these SNIPED sessions every time can be irritating, we can automate the job of killing SNIPED session as below.


-- This is an optional table. Create this only if you want to Audit the killed session.

CREATE
  TABLE "AUDIT_KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS"
  (
    "SID"        NUMBER,
    "SERIAL#"    NUMBER,
    "TIME_STAMP" TIMESTAMP (6) DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP,
    "USERNAME"   VARCHAR2(50 BYTE)
  )TABLESPACE "USERS" ;


Note :     Inorder to create below procedure you will need DBA role & "ALTER SYSTEM" grant. If you are creating this procedure in non DBA user, you will need grant select on V$SESSION & "ALTER SYSTEM" grant


-- Procedure to kill sessions that are in sniped state

create or replace Procedure KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS as
cursor SEL_SID is select SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME from v$session where status='SNIPED';
SEL_REC SEL_SID%ROWTYPE;
V_SQL varchar2(100);
V_SQL1 varchar2(100);

Begin
OPEN SEL_SID;
LOOP
FETCH SEL_SID INTO SEL_REC;
EXIT WHEN SEL_SID%NOTFOUND;

V_SQL :='ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''||SEL_REC.SID||','||SEL_REC.SERIAL#||''' IMMEDIATE';
-- DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_SQL);
execute immediate V_SQL;
--- LETS AUDIT THE KILLED SESSIONS DATA HERE
-- COMMENT LINES BELOW THIS TO REMOVE AUDITING

V_SQL1:= 'insert INTO AUDIT_KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS (SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME) VALUES ('''||SEL_REC.SID||''','''||SEL_REC.SERIAL#||''','''||SEL_REC.USERNAME||''')';
-- DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_SQL1);
COMMIT;
execute immediate V_SQL1;

-- COMMENT UNTILL THIS LINE TO REMOVE AUDITING

END LOOP;
CLOSE SEL_SID;

END;


-- YOU CAN ALSO SETUP A JOB TO RUN EVERY 30 MINS OR HOUR TO EXECUTE THIS PROCEDURE

BEGIN
    DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB (
            job_name => '"EXEC_KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS"',
            job_type => 'STORED_PROCEDURE',
            job_action => 'KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS',
            number_of_arguments => 0,
            start_date => TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('2016-09-29 13:07:38.837143000 AMERICA/CHICAGO','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF TZR'),
            repeat_interval => 'FREQ=HOURLY',
            end_date => NULL,
            enabled => FALSE,
            auto_drop => FALSE,
            comments => 'Job to run KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS procedure that kills SNIPED SESSIONOS ');

       
    DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE(
             name => '"EXEC_KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS"',
             attribute => 'logging_level', value => DBMS_SCHEDULER.LOGGING_OFF);
     
 
   
    DBMS_SCHEDULER.enable(
             name => '"EXEC_KILL_SNIPED_SESSIONS"');
END;


References :

http://arvindasdba.blogspot.com/2016/09/alter-system-kill-session.html

Using special characters in ORACLE DB passwords

Using special characters in ORACLE DB passwords

 
Using special characters in ORACLE DB passwords. Most times we restrict our selves from using complicated special characters as we think that we can't use them in passwords, but in oracle DB world we are allowed to use most special characters as passwords. See this simple example to see how to use special char's in passwords and login.




To log into DB using cmdline we need to use single quote ''. else oracle some times doesn't recognize the password. See below example :

I created a user with password using special characters.

SQL> alter user C##atest identified by "atest113..";

User C##ATEST altered.

[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ sqlplus C##atest/atest113..

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jul 20 16:39:56 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied


Solution to this is to use single quote:

[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ sqlplus C##atest/"atest113$$"

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jul 20 16:41:44 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied


Enter user-name: ^C

press ctrl+c to escape from this line


[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ sqlplus C##atest/'atest113$$&&'

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jul 20 16:43:20 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Wed Jul 20 2016 16:42:54 -05:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show user
USER is "C##ATEST"

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ sqlplus C##atest/atest113$$&&

configure complex password (password verify function) in oracle database

 configure password verify function in oracle database

We can enable the oracle provided "password verify function" to enforce strong password restrictions for our DB users. This function with other profile parameters can create a strong security for the database.To enable the oracle password verification function you need to execute the utlpwdmg.sql file from ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin as sysdba.


[oracle@Linux03 home]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/
[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ ls utlpwdmg.sql

[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

Function created.

Grant succeeded.

Function created.

Grant succeeded.

Function created.

Grant succeeded.

Profile altered.

Note : You can query current default profile settings using as below

select * from DBA_PROFILES where profile='DEFAULT';

Starting from 12c this file (utlpwdmg.sql) creates four functions under user SYS. Here we have an option to select one from four functions.

ORA12C_STRONG_VERIFY_FUNCTION
ORA12C_VERIFY_FUNCTION
VERIFY_FUNCTION
VERIFY_FUNCTION_11G

This function makes the minimum complexity checks like the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to your need.

You can change the password verify function by using below sql :

ALTER PROFILE "DEFAULT" LIMIT PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION ORA12C_VERIFY_FUNCTION

IT SETS UP FOLOWING PARAMETERS IN DEFAULT PROFILE:

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 7
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME UNLIMITED
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX  UNLIMITED
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 10
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1

-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management. This means that all the users on the system have Password Management enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED  is created and assigned to the user.

LETS TEST THE PASSWORD FUNCTION BY CREATING A NEW USER.

SQL> create user C##atest identified by atest11;

Error starting at line : 2 in command -
create user C##atest identified by atest11
Error report -
SQL Error: ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20001: Password length less than 8
28003. 00000 -  "password verification for the specified password failed"
*Cause:    The new password did not meet the necessary complexity
           specifications and the password_verify_function failed
*Action:   Enter a different password. Contact the DBA to know the rules for
           choosing the new password

          
While using length of 8 chars I was able to create user.

SQL> create user C##atest identified by atest113;

User C##ATEST created.


Follow this link on how to disable Password verify function  : 

http://arvindasdba.blogspot.com/2013/06/disable-password-verify-function-in.html

TNS-00583: Valid node checking: unable to parse configuration parameters

 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error  TNS-00583: Valid node checking: unable to parse configuration parameters

I  Received following errors when trying to startup my listener. I verified the listener.ora and sqlnet.ora files and everything seemed to look normal.
 
[oracle@Linux03 encryption_keystore]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2016 10:05:32

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Linux03/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Linux03)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
 TNS-00583: Valid node checking: unable to parse configuration parameters


Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

[oracle@Linux03 encryption_keystore]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2016 10:07:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Linux03/listener/alert/log.xml
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Linux03)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
 TNS-00583: Valid node checking: unable to parse configuration parameters


Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...


I had below line in my sqlnet.ora file.

[oracle@Linux03 admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora_bak
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION =
  (SOURCE =(METHOD = FILE)(METHOD_DATA =
    (DIRECTORY = /u01/app/oracle/admin/$ORACLE_SID/encryption_keystore/)     

Solution (In my case):

1. Tried to remove the ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION info and it worked for me. I knew there was somthing wrong with the syntax.
2. Copied the content from ENCRYPTION_WALLET* into notepad ++ . It helped me realize that I was missing two closing parenthesis )) at end.
3. Added them at end. Started the listener and worked.


[oracle@Linux03 encryption_keystore]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2016 10:31:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Linux03/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Linux03)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Linux03)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                12-JUL-2016 10:31:41
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Linux03/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Linux03)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully


Also try these if above trick doesn't help.

1.  Oracle listener.ora or sqlnet.ora file contains any special characters.
2.  Oracle Listener.ora or sqlnet.ora file are in wrong format or syntax.
3.  Oracle listener.ora or sqlnet.ora file have some left justified parenthesis which are not accepted by oracle parser.

Enable Database Auditing in oracle

ENABLE AUDITING IN ORACLE DATABASE

SERVER SETUP FOR DB AUDITING


Auditing is a default feature available in Oracle server. The initialization parameters that influence its behaviour can be displayed using the SHOW PARAMETER SQL*Plus command.

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest                      string      C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN
                                                 \DB10G\ADUMP
audit_sys_operations                 boolean     FALSE
audit_trail                          string      NONE

SQL>

Auditing is disabled by default, but can enabled by setting the AUDIT_TRAIL static parameter, which has the following allowed values.

AUDIT_TRAIL = { NONE | os | db | db,extended | xml | xml,extended }

The following list provides a description of each setting (choose one based on your requirement):

NONE or false - Auditing is disabled.
db or true - Auditing is enabled, with all audit records stored in the database audit trial (SYS.AUD$).
db,extended - As db, but the SQL_BIND and SQL_TEXT columns are also populated.
xml - Auditing is enabled, with all audit records stored as XML format OS files.
xml,extended - As xml, but the SQL_BIND and SQL_TEXT columns are also populated.
OS - Auditing is enabled, with all audit records directed to the operating system's audit trail.

To enable auditing and direct audit records to the database audit trail, we would do the following.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trail=db SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.

SQL> SHUTDOWN
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  289406976 bytes
Fixed Size                  1248600 bytes
Variable Size              71303848 bytes
Database Buffers          213909504 bytes
Redo Buffers                2945024 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL>

Note : Enabling and Disabling the auditing in database will only take affect after a db restart.

passing variables in sqlplus scripts

SET VERIFY OFF

ACCEPT par1 prompt "ENTER PARAMETER #1: "

ACCEPT par2 prompt "ENTER PARAMETER #2: "

execute pkg_TEST_VARIABLES.TEST_PASS_VARIABLES ( &&par1, &&par2);

select grants on tables to users or roles

select grants on tables to users or roles

SELECT
  OWNER,
  GRANTEE,
  GRANTOR,
  TABLE_NAME,
  PRIVILEGE
FROM
  DBA_TAB_PRIVS
WHERE
  table_name   = 'TABLENAME'
AND PRIVILEGE IN ('DELETE','INSERT','SELECT','UPDATE')
AND GRANTEE   IN ('ROLE1','ROLE2')
ORDER BY
  1,2;

select grants on table to a user thru role or direct priv

select Grantee,'Granted Through Role' as Grant_Type, role, table_name
from role_tab_privs rtp, dba_role_privs drp
where rtp.role = drp.granted_role
and table_name = 'TABLENAME'
union
select Grantee,'Direct Grant' as Grant_type, null as role, table_name
from dba_tab_privs
where table_name = 'TABLENAME' ;

Online table redefination

Online table redefinition of a table

 Lets create a table with some dependent objects for this setup.

DROP PROCEDURE get_description;
DROP VIEW redef_tab_v;
DROP SEQUENCE redef_tab_seq;
DROP TABLE redef_tab PURGE;

CREATE TABLE redef_tab (
  id           NUMBER,
  description  VARCHAR2(50),
  CONSTRAINT redef_tab_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

CREATE VIEW redef_tab_v AS
SELECT * FROM redef_tab;

CREATE SEQUENCE redef_tab_seq;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_description (
  p_id          IN  redef_tab.id%TYPE,
  p_description OUT redef_tab.description%TYPE) AS
BEGIN
  SELECT description
  INTO   p_description
  FROM   redef_tab
  WHERE  id = p_id;
END;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER redef_tab_bir
BEFORE INSERT ON redef_tab
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (new.id IS NULL)
BEGIN
  :new.id := redef_tab_seq.NEXTVAL;
END;
/


Lets confirm that objects  are created 


COLUMN object_name FORMAT A20
SELECT object_name, object_type, status FROM user_objects ORDER BY object_name;

OBJECT_NAME          OBJECT_TYPE         STATUS
-------------------- ------------------- -------
GET_DESCRIPTION      PROCEDURE           VALID
REDEF_TAB            TABLE               VALID
REDEF_TAB_BIR        TRIGGER             VALID
REDEF_TAB_PK         INDEX               VALID
REDEF_TAB_SEQ        SEQUENCE            VALID
REDEF_TAB_V          VIEW                VALID

6 rows selected.


Basic Online Table Redefinition

Now we perform an online table redefinition.

-- Check table can be redefined

EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.can_redef_table('ATOORPU', 'REDEF_TAB');
--- SCHEMA = ATOORPU, TABLE_NAME=REDEF_TAB


CREATE TABLE redef_tab2 AS
SELECT *
FROM   redef_tab WHERE 1=2;

-- Start Redefinition
EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.start_redef_table('ATOORPU', 'REDEF_TAB', 'REDEF_TAB2');


-- Optionally synchronize new table with interim data before index creation
EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.sync_interim_table('ATOORPU', 'REDEF_TAB', 'REDEF_TAB2');

-- Add new PK.
ALTER TABLE redef_tab2 ADD (CONSTRAINT redef_tab2_pk PRIMARY KEY (id));

-- Complete redefinition
EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.finish_redef_table('ATOORPU', 'REDEF_TAB', 'REDEF_TAB2');

-- Remove original table which now has the name of the new table
DROP TABLE redef_tab2;



Finally, we verify the status of the schema objects.


COLUMN object_name FORMAT A20
SELECT object_name, object_type, status FROM user_objects ORDER BY object_name;

OBJECT_NAME          OBJECT_TYPE         STATUS
-------------------- ------------------- -------
GET_DESCRIPTION      PROCEDURE           VALID
REDEF_TAB            TABLE               VALID
REDEF_TAB2_PK        INDEX               VALID
REDEF_TAB_SEQ        SEQUENCE            VALID
REDEF_TAB_V          VIEW                VALID


Note : The GET_DESCRIPTION procedure and REDEF_TAB_V view are still valid, but the REDEF_TAB_BIR trigger is gone. The trigger was still associated with the original table, renamed to REDEF_TAB2, so when the original table was dropped, the trigger was dropped with it.

ORA-00020: maximum number of processes exceeded

ORA-00020: maximum number of processes

This error occurs when your total numbers of sessions connecting to oracle database has exceeded the max limit set in parameter file. Simplest way to overcome this error is to reset the max sessions value to a greater value than existing.Here is how to do it
 



oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jun 13 10:20:26 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (500) exceeded



oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jun 13 10:23:42 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (500) exceeded

Enter user-name:

Disconnected from ORACLE

I wasn't able get into the oracle database to kill some database session. So I tried to kill few sessions on OS to make my way into DB.

oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ ps -ef|grep oracle
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

oracle   64373     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:03 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   64540     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   64554     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:01 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   64633     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:03 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   64637     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
.
.
.
oracle   65186     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:04 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65190     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65192     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:01 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65202     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65206     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:02 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
root     65407 65381  0 May16 pts/2    00:00:00 sudo -u oracle -i
oracle   65408 65407  0 May16 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash
oracle   65458 65408  0 May16 pts/2    00:00:00 sqlplus
oracle   65459 65458  0 May16 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle   65518     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65520     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:02 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65534     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)

oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ kill -9 64785
oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jun 13 10:26:25 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (500) exceeded


Enter user-name: ^C

Killing few processes on Linux :

oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ kill -9 65192 65085 64785 64777 64655 64653 64637


oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ ps -ef|grep 65192 65085 64785 64777 64655 64653 64637

.
.
.
.
oracle   50258     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:04 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   50264     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:03 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   50268     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:02 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
.
.
.
oracle   64554     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:01 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   64633     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:03 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65186     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:04 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65190     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65202     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:00 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   65206     1  0 Jun08 ?        00:00:02 oracleQPDEV (LOCAL=NO)
.
.
.

oracle@LINUX201:[~] $ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jun 13 10:30:07 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter process;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes                      integer     1
cell_offload_processing              boolean     TRUE
db_writer_processes                  integer     1
gcs_server_processes                 integer     0
global_txn_processes                 integer     1
job_queue_processes                  integer     1000
log_archive_max_processes            integer     4
processes                            integer     500
processor_group_name                 string


Now reset the max processes to a greater value:

SQL> alter system set processes=1200 scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL>  show parameter process;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes                      integer     1
cell_offload_processing              boolean     TRUE
db_writer_processes                  integer     1
gcs_server_processes                 integer     0
global_txn_processes                 integer     1
job_queue_processes                  integer     1000
log_archive_max_processes            integer     4
processes                            integer     500
processor_group_name                 string
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME      OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
QPDEV     READ WRITE

This will need a restart to take affect


SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3206836224 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257520 bytes
Variable Size            1275071888 bytes
Database Buffers         1912602624 bytes
Redo Buffers               16904192 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter process

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes                      integer     1
cell_offload_processing              boolean     TRUE
db_writer_processes                  integer     1
gcs_server_processes                 integer     0
global_txn_processes                 integer     1
job_queue_processes                  integer     1000
log_archive_max_processes            integer     4
processes                            integer     1200
processor_group_name                 string

SQL>

Create Temporary Tables in Oracle

Global Temporary Tables in Oracle

Temporary tables are useful in applications where a result set is to be buffered, perhaps because it is constructed by running multiple DML operations. For example, consider the following:

A Web-based airlines reservations application allows a customer to create several optional itineraries. Each itinerary is represented by a row in a temporary table. The application updates the rows to reflect changes in the itineraries. When the customer decides which itinerary she wants to use, the application moves the row for that itinerary to a persistent table.

During the session, the itinerary data is private. At the end of the session, the optional itineraries are dropped.

This statement creates a temporary table that is transaction specific:

NOTE : Indexes can be created on temporary tables. They are also temporary and the data in the index has the same session or transaction scope as the data in the underlying table.

*********************************************************************************

HERE is an example to create a global temporary table with on commit DELETE ROWS :

*********************************************************************************

sql>  CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE admin_work_area

        (startdate DATE,

         enddate DATE,

         class CHAR(20))

      ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;

      

      

    

sql>  insert into ADMIN_WORK_AREA values (sysdate,sysdate+ 1,'A');

1 row inserted.

sql> select * from ADMIN_WORK_AREA;

commit;

Commit complete.

sql> select * from ADMIN_WORK_AREA;

NOTE: records in this temp table will be deleted upon commit. This is equivalent to truncating table on commit.

*********************************************************************************

HERE is an example to create a global temporary table with on commit PRESERVE ROWS :

*********************************************************************************

sql>  CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE admin_work_area

        (startdate DATE,

         enddate DATE,

         class CHAR(20))

      ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;

      

            

sql>  insert into ADMIN_WORK_AREA values (sysdate,sysdate+ 1,'A');

1 row inserted.

1 row inserted.

sql>  select * from ADMIN_WORK_AREA;

commit;

Commit complete.

sql>  select * from ADMIN_WORK_AREA;

NOW exit the session and login back and select the table.

sql>  select * from ADMIN_WORK_AREA;

table is empty

NOTE: records (rows) in this temp table will be deleted upon session exit only, as long as you are using same session you can see these rows. 

This is equivalent to truncating table on session exit.